Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Show: 20 | 50 | 100
Results 1 - 11 de 11
Filter
1.
Braz. J. Vet. Res. Anim. Sci. (Online) ; 53(4): 1-17, 2016. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-875325

ABSTRACT

Bearded capuchins (Sapajus sp), unexpectedly, share with chimpanzees behavioral features such as high cognitive ability, good memory, tool use with intermittent bipedalism, and social tolerance; although its anatomy is still little studied. To test the hypothesis that bearded capuchins might share similar anatomical features with chimpanzees, we investigated the pelvic nerves of the bearded capuchin and compared them with the data in the previous literature for modern humans, chimpanzee, and baboons in terms of origin, trajectory and innervated structures, when the data are available. Variation is very common in the primates because of, inter alia, 1) the problem of the anatomical position, i.e., some primatologists used the human anatomical position to describe those in non-human primates, while others used the non-human anatomical position, and the definition of anatomical position (human or non-human position) is not clear; 2) the lateralized and semi-bend pelvis limbs in non-humans primates compared with modern humans; 3) the absence of the some muscles (e.g., scansorius and ilioschiofemoralis) in modern humans in the thigh; and 4) the difference in the numbers of vertebrae among the authors, even in the same species, such as chimpanzees and bearded capuchins.(AU)


Macacos-prego (Sapajus sp), inesperadamente, compartilham com chimpanzés comportamentos como alta cognição e memória, uso de ferramentas com o bipedalismo intermitente, tolerância social. No entanto, sua anatomia ainda é pouco estudada. Para verificar a hipótese com qual espécie e/ou grupo de primatas os macacos-prego compartilham mais características, o objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar os nervos pélvicos do Sapajus e compará-los com dados da literatura anatômica sobre os seres humanos, chimpanzés e babuínos, considerando aspectos como origem, trajetória e estruturas inervadas. Foi observado que existem grandes variações nos nervos pélvicos entre os primatas estudados aqui, quais sejam, 1) o problema da posição anatômica, i.e., alguns primatologistas consideram a posição anatômica humana para os primatas, outros consideram a posição anatômica animal, e a opção por um ou outro não é clara nos textos; 2) o problema dos membros pélvicos em primatas não humanos serem lateralizados e semi-fletidos em relação aos seres humanos modernos; 3) o problema da ausência, nos seres humanos modernos, de alguns músculos da coxa em relação aos outros primatas como o escansório e o iliosquiofemoral; e 4) o problema da diferença do número de vértebras nos primatas estudados aqui, inclusive com diferenças para a mesma espécie citadas por diferentes autores tanto para chimpanzés como para macacos-prego.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Cebus/anatomy & histology , Pelvis/anatomy & histology , Pelvis/innervation , Body Constitution
2.
Acta sci., Biol. sci ; 35(2): 263-271, abr.- jun. 2013. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-859348

ABSTRACT

In Brazil, the knowledge on the use of medicine plants comes mainly from natives with African and European influences. With descriptive purposes and valuation of traditional knowledge, a study with induced questioning was conducted in the municipality of Goianápolis, Goiás State, to verify the plants considered to be medicinal by the local population. The data collection through structured interviews in the form of questionnaires from sixty inhabitants randomly selected. The study followed the ethical aspects and was approved by the Unievangélica Research and Ethics Committee. Most of the interviewed subjects was of female gender, older than 30 years and had already lived in the rural area for at least one phase of their lives, the use of leaves and the method of tea making and infusion were most mentioned, the plants most used were Lemon Balm, Mint, Chilean evergreen tree, elderberry, wormseed, Pennyroyal, and the most mentioned families are Asteraceae and Laminaceae. The knowledge about plants use was obtained, according most of interviewed, from family. In conclusion, the data observed in Goianápolis, Goiás State, corroborates of those observed by other researchers about the use of plants, the most used botanical families, the plant parts to be used and the form of preparation.


No Brasil, o conhecimento sobre o uso de plantas medicinais é proveniente principalmente dos indígenas, com influências negras e européias. Com fins descritivos e de valorização do conhecimento tradicional, foi realizado um estudo de questionamento induzido no município de Goianápolis, Estado de Goiás, para a verificação das plantas consideradas de caráter medicinal usadas pela população desse município. O estudo foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética e Pesquisa da Unievangélica e foram entrevistados 60 moradores escolhidos através de sorteio A maioria foi do gênero feminino, maiores de 30 anos e já residiram na zona rural em pelo menos uma fase da vida. O uso de folhas e o modo de preparo de chá e infusão foram os mais citados, as plantas mais utilizadas foram erva-cidreira, hortelã, boldo, sabugueiro, erva-de-santa- maria e poejo e as famílias mais citadas foram a Asteraceae e a Laminaceae, nesta ordem. O conhecimento sobre a utilização das plantas foi adquirido, segundo a maioria dos entrevistados, por informações ensinadas na própria família. Em conclusão, os dados obtidos em Goianápolis, Estado de Goiás, estão em acordo com o observado por outros pesquisadores sobre o uso de plantas medicinais, as famílias de plantas mais citadas, as partes mais usadas das plantas e a forma de preparo.


Subject(s)
Ethnobotany , Ethnopharmacology , Grassland , Plants, Medicinal
3.
Pesqui. vet. bras ; 32(supl.1): 113-117, Dec. 2012. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: lil-666077

ABSTRACT

The anatomical comparative studies among the primates are important for the investigation of ethology, evolution, taxonomy, and comprehension of tools by hominoids. Especially the anatomical knowledge of Cebus contributes to conservation of the species, and to development of surgical procedures and clinical treatments of these animals, as they frequently are victims of automobile accidents. Recent anatomical studies came to a wrong conclusion regarding behavioral traits of Cebus, ascribed to few data available in previous literature. Therefore, to provide anatomical data and to support the other sciences related to anatomy, and to develop surgical and/or clinical procedures, we described the nerves of the legs of Cebus foccusing on their position and trajectory, as wll as innerved muscles, and compared these results with those of humans and other primates. Eight adult capuchin specimens were used for this study. The anatomical comparative study of the leg's nerves of Cebus demonstrated that, in general, structural organization of the nerves is similar among the four primates analyzed here (Cebus, chimpanzees, baboons and humans), which might be attributed to the fact that the all four primates have similar body structures. However, nerve trajectory and muscles innervation in Cebus was more similar to baboons.(AU)


Os estudos anatômicos comparativos entre os primatas são importantes para pesquisas associadas com a etologia, evolução, taxonomia e compreensão dos usos de ferramentas pelos hominídeos. Especificamente, o conhecimento anatômico sobre Cebus contribui para sua própria conservação e para o desenvolvimento de procedimentos cirúrgicos e tratamentos clínicos destes animais, pois são frequentemente vítimas de acidentes automobilísticos. Recentemente, estudos sobre características comportamentais de Cebus indicaram conclusões erradas sobre sua anatomia, o que pode ser atribuído aos poucos dados disponíveis sobre a anatomia desses animais na literatura especializada. Portanto, para fornecer dados anatômicos e fornecer suporte para as outras ciências relacionadas com a anatomia e também desenvolver procedimentos cirúrgicos e/ou clínicos, foram descritos os nervos das pernas de Cebus com enfoque sobre a posição, a trajetória e os músculos inervados, e comparar esses resultados com os dos humanos modernos e outros primatas. Oito espécimes adultos de macacos-prego foram usados para este estudo. O estudo anatômico comparativo dos nervos da perna de Cebus demonstrou que, em geral, a organização estrutural dos nervos é semelhante entre os quatro primatas aqui analisados (Cebus, chimpanzés, babuínos e humanos modernos), o que pode ser atribuído ao fato de que os quatro primatas terem estruturas corporais semelhantes. No entanto, a trajetória dos nervos e a inervação dos músculos em Cebus o aproximam dos babuínos.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Papio/anatomy & histology , Primates/anatomy & histology , Hominidae/anatomy & histology , Cebus/anatomy & histology , Models, Anatomic
4.
Int. j. morphol ; 30(2): 607-612, jun. 2012.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-651838

ABSTRACT

Anatomy is the science that studies the body and a basic discipline in health and biological sciences indispensable to students that study this area, and plays a important role in the comparison of species. Nowadays anatomy is falling into academic and scientific crisis. Recently, the number of papers and reviews on health science education have increased considerably. Pre-clinical disciplines are essential for all health and biological science courses; among them anatomy is considered to be the basis of morphological sciences. For that reason, throughout history, this discipline has been viewed as a factual knowledge base that must be learned in its entirety. History of anatomy demonstrated that teaching in this area is facilitated by the use of dissection of both animal and human disciplines. In absence of human cadavers, it is possible to use animals for dissection for the benefits of students. The aim of this paper is to serve as a reminder to understand that anatomy is the basis of current health science and to realize what is important in the teaching of anatomy. It is also important to learn anatomy since researchers sometimes draw wrong conclusion because of lack of anatomical knowledge.


La anatomía es la ciencia que estudia el cuerpo y una disciplina básica en ciencias de la salud y biológicas, indispensables para los estudiantes que tratan esta materia, teniendo además, un importante papel en la comparación de las especies. Actualmente, la anatomía está en una crisis académica y científica. Por otra parte, recientemente, el número de artículos y revisiones en la educación en ciencias de la salud han aumentado considerablemente. Las disciplinas pre-clínicas son esenciales para todos los cursos de salud y ciencias biológicas, entre ellas, la anatomía es considerada como la base de las ciencias morfológicas. Por esa razón, a lo largo de la historia, la anatomía ha sido considerada como una base de conocimiento de los hechos que deben ser aprendidas en su totalidad. La historia de la anatomía ha demostrado que la enseñanza en esta área se ve facilitada por el uso de la disección de animales. En ausencia de cadáveres humanos, es posible utilizar los animales para la disección, generando así beneficios para los estudiantes. El objetivo de este trabajo fue recordar el pasado para entender que la anatomía es la base de la ciencia de la salud actual y darse cuenta de la importancia de la enseñanza de esta disciplina. Finalmente, es importante recordar que los investigadores algunas veces han llegado a conclusiones erróneas debido a la falta de conocimiento sobre temas anatómicos.


Subject(s)
Animals , Anatomy/education , Anatomy/history , Cebus , Dissection/history , Cadaver , Dissection/methods , Teaching/history
5.
Rev. bras. farmacogn ; 22(3): 580-586, May-June 2012. ilus, graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-624682

ABSTRACT

In this study, Annona coriacea Mart., Annonaceae, was examined for possible toxic effects on brain, liver and kidney of mice exposed to crude extract of the seeds (CESAN) of this plant. CESAN was administered by gavage for four days at doses of 12.5, 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg/day. Significant changes on liver were observed, which showed reduction in the number of hepatocytes per area and increase the apoptotic index in the exposed groups, and changes in the cytoplasm and nucleus of these cells and reduced consumption of water and feed in these animals. For the other studied areas, brain and kidneys showed no changes in the parameters used in this study. The results suggest hepatotoxic effects of CESAN, but without damage to brain and kidneys in this experiment, showing a toxic potential to this species, as to the Annonaceae family.

6.
Int. j. morphol ; 30(1): 188-195, mar. 2012. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-638784

ABSTRACT

Recently, the curriculum and the educational methodologies associated with health sciences courses are being reviewed and adapted. Pre-clinical sciences, such as anatomy and embryology are as well subjected to those changes. In human embryology courses it is common to use models to represent the different phases of development to facilitate learning, since the students can see and touch the models, obtaining knowledge by analogies. The purpose of the present study was to investigate if the construction of models by the students during practical embryology classes would improve or facilitate their learning. One year after the classes, 60 students answered a questionnaire with nine objective questions, including spaces for suggestions and observations. The student's responses suggested that the construction of models contributed to their learning.


Recientemente, el plan de estudios y las metodologías educativas asociadas a los cursos de ciencias de la salud están siendo revisados y adaptados. Ciencias pre-clínicas tales como la Anatomía y la Embriología son también sometidas a cambios. En los cursos de Embriología Humana, es común el uso de modelos para representar las diferentes fases del desarrollo, y así facilitar el aprendizaje, ya que los estudiantes pueden ver y tocar los modelos, así se realiza la obtención de conocimientos por medio de analogías. El propósito del presente estudio fue investigar si la construcción de modelos por parte de los estudiantes, durante las clases prácticas de Embriología, mejora o facilita su aprendizaje. Después de un año, 60 estudiantes respondieron a un cuestionario con nueve preguntas objetivas, incluidos los espacios para sugerencias y observaciones. De acuerdo con las respuestas de los estudiantes, la construcción de modelos han contribuido a su aprendizaje.


Subject(s)
Female , Embryology/education , Embryology/methods , Models, Educational , Education, Medical/methods , Education, Nursing/methods , Learning , Students, Health Occupations , Students, Nursing
7.
Acta sci., Health sci ; 33(2): 153-157, jul.-dez. 2011. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1285

ABSTRACT

Currently when all roads lead to the pursuit of total quality in production of drugs, it is essential to fully understand each phase of a production process. In this case, validation is the appropriate tool to ensure reliability of a production process involving new equipment and the analytical methodology, either in the pharmaceutical, food, computer, microelectronics area or any other area where the quality of the manufactured product is one of the main reasons for the existence of a given company. This study aimed to analyze the main aspects of the validation of analytical methods for Lamotrigine, new drug for bipolar disorder with wide use today. In conclusion, the proposed analytical method for determination of the lamotrigine content in raw materials is adequate, effective and capable of reproducing reliable results during analysis. This method is fast (running time of 10 minutes), selective, accurate, precise and robust for the determination of the drug, with no observed interfering substances in the optimum wavelength. It could be concluded that this may be a routine method for quality control laboratories to certify the quality of Lamotrigine.


Atualmente quando todos os caminhos levam à busca da qualidade total na produção de medicamentos, torna -se indispensável conhecer perfeitamente cada fase de um processo produtivo. Neste caso, a validação é a ferramenta adequada para garantir a confiabilidade de instalação de um processo produtivo, de equipamento novo e, inclusive, da metodologia analítica, seja do setor farmacêutico, alimentício, informática microeletrônico ou qualquer outra área onde a qualidade do produto fabricado é uma das principais razões da existência da empresa. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo analisar os principais aspectos da validação de métodos analíticos para Lamotrigina, fármaco novo para transtorno bipolar com amplo uso atualmente. Em conclusão, o método analítico proposto para determinação do teor de Lamotrigina em matéria-prima é adequado, eficaz e capaz de reproduzir resultados confiáveis durante as análises. É um método rápido (tempo de corrida de apenas 10 minutos), seletivo, exato, preciso e robusto para a determinação do fármaco, não sendo observada interferência de outras substâncias no melhor comprimento de onda. Concluímos então que este pode ser um método de rotina para laboratórios de controle de qualidade para atestarem a qualidade da Lamotrigina utilizada.


Subject(s)
Technology, Pharmaceutical , Validation Study
8.
Braz. j. pharm. sci ; 47(1): 23-29, Jan.-Mar. 2011. ilus, graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-586550

ABSTRACT

Ciprofibrate is a drug indicated in cases of hypertriglyceridemia and mixed hyperlipidemia, but no monographs are available in official compendia for the analysis of this substance in tablets. The objective of this work was to develop and validate a spectrophotometric method for routine analysis of ciprofibrate in tablets. In this study, commercial and standard ciprofibrate were used, as well as placebo in absolute ethanol, analyzed by UV spectrophotometer. All tests followed the rules of Resolution RE-899, 2003. The results showed that the developed and validated method offers low cost, easy implementation, precision and accuracy, and may be included in the routine of quality control laboratories.


O ciprofibrato é um fármaco indicado em casos de hipertrigliceridemia e hiperlipidemia mista, mas não há monografias em compêndios oficiais para a análise desta substância em comprimidos. O objetivo deste trabalho é desenvolver e validar um método espectrofotométrico para análise de rotina de ciprofibrato em comprimidos. Neste estudo foram empregados ciprofibrato comercial, padrão e placebo em etanol absoluto, analisadas por espectrofotometria UV. Todos os testes seguiram as regras da Resolução RE- 899, 2003. Os resultados mostraram que o método desenvolvido e validado apresenta baixo custo, fácil implementação, precisão e exatidão e pode ser incluído em rotina de laboratórios de controle de qualidade.


Subject(s)
Chemistry, Pharmaceutical , Spectrophotometry/instrumentation , Hypertriglyceridemia/drug therapy , Pharmaceutical Preparations/analysis , Drug Evaluation , Drug Monitoring , Dyslipidemias/drug therapy
9.
Indian J Physiol Pharmacol ; 2010 Oct-Dec; 54(4): 355-360
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-145994

ABSTRACT

The finding that glycine potentiates N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-mediated responses, has tremendously changed our understanding of glutamatergic synaptic transmission in the brain. Although the phenomenon has been confirmed in number of preparations, it is yet to be demonstrated in awake animals. Further, the controversy that glycine binding sites of NMDA receptor are saturated in vivo or not, can be best verified in awake animals. Here, we have demonstrated that glycine enhanced glutamate-induced neuronal discharges in the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus of awake behaving rats using microiontophoresis technique, suggesting that the glycine binding sites of NMDA receptor are not saturated under physiological conditions.

10.
Dement. neuropsychol ; 4(3)set. 2010.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-560267

ABSTRACT

This strict localizationism had and still has its importance for the development of Neurosciences, since the analysis of changes in mental processes resulting from brain damage became the basis for understanding the brain organization. The human parietal cortex is a highly differentiated structure, consisting of citoarchitectonically defined subareas that are connected to other cortical and subcortical areas. Patients with lesions in the parietal cortex develop various types of neuropsychological manifestations, depending on the specific location of the lesion and the corresponding hemisphere and these lesions in this lobe do not cause modal specific disturbances. The establishment of homologies between the parietal region in humans and primates can be of great contribution in trying to unravel the various functions and complexity of this area.


O localizacionismo estrito teve e ainda tem a sua importância para o desenvolvimento da Neurociência, uma vez que a análise de mudanças nos processos mentais resultantes de danos cerebrais se tornou a base para a compreensão da organização cerebral. O córtex parietal humano é uma estrutura altamente diferenciada, composta por subáreas histologicamente definidas que estão ligadas a outras áreas corticais e subcorticais. Pacientes com lesões no córtex parietal desenvolvem vários tipos de manifestações neuropsicológicas, dependendo do local específico da lesão e do hemisfério correspondente, mas estas lesões não causam perturbações modais específicas. O estabelecimento de homologias entre a região parietal em seres humanos e os primatas podem ser de grande contribuição na tentativa de desvendar as diversas funções e complexidade desta área.


Subject(s)
Humans , Apraxias , Cerebral Cortex , History , Neuropsychology , Parietal Lobe
11.
Chinese Journal of Neuroanatomy ; (6): 12-20, 2004.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-410043

ABSTRACT

As the elements of local neuronal circuits, parvalbumin (PV)-containing interneurons in the basolateral nucleus (BL) of the amygdala play an important role in the amygdaloid functions of emotion, learning and memory. In order to investigate how the PV-containing interneurons in the BL are controlled, the synapses established on PV- containing interneurons in the BL of the rat amygdala were examined under immunoelectron microscopy using the double labeling methods with anti-PV and anti-dopamine (DA) antibodies for a reference of dopaminergic axon terminals. The results show that the PV immunoreactive (IR) neurons formed the synapses mainly on the dendritic structures from shafts of the dendrites to median and small dendritic branches. 68% of the synapses on the PV-IR profiles were formed by unlabeled axon terminals, and 32 % of them were formed by DA- (21 % ) and PV- (11 % )IR axon terminals. Majority of the synapses on the PV-IR neurons formed by unlabeled axon terminals were symmetric type, and only a small a mount of them were asymmetric that were observed between the PV-IR spines and unlabeled axon terminals and in the serial synapses in which an unlabeled axon terminal symmetrically contacted to another unlabeled axon terminal that, in turn, synapsed asymmetrically to the PV-IR dendritic profiles. The synapses formed between the PV-IR profiles and DA- or PV-IR axon terminals were exclusively symmetric. The present results suggest that the PV-containing interneurons in the BL of the rat amygdala were controlled by an inhibitory network formed by the symmetric synapses around them, among which the DA system was included.

SELECTION OF CITATIONS
SEARCH DETAIL